![]() ![]() 2007) As an insecticide or pest repellant, CNSL has been shown to be effective against Aedes aegypti larvae and Biomphalaria glabrata snails (Laurens et. ![]() CNSL is used in wood and fabric preservatives, paints, plastics, printing ink, germicides, insecticides, waterproofing compounds, synthetic resins, dyes, anti-fade agents in brake lining and clutch facing (Asogawa et. CNSL is an intermediate used in the manufacturing of other basic organic chemicals which are found in automotive car products, antioxidants, rubber compounds, and is a modifier for plastics (EPA 2009). While it does not seriously effect rates, it is an acute hazard to fish, aquatic invertebrates, and aquatic plants based on toxicity estimates for cardol at. It is composed of anacardic acid, cardarol, and cardol (EPA 2009). Another byproduct that has proven to be useful in industrial manufacturing is cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). Recent studies have found that although the cashew apple is often not valued as highly as the nut by cultivators it has the potential to gross significantly more than it costs to gross because clarified cashew apple juice can be used to grow Leuconostoc mesenteroids which can be used to produce high added value products such as dextran, lactic acid, mannitol and oligosaccharides (Horato, Rabelo and Gonclaves 2007). ![]() Senegalese fishermen use the the extract from it's leaves to dye their fishnets yellow (Asogawa et. Tannins extracted from the testa (seed coat) are used in the leather industry, and gum from the bark is used for bookbinding, while sap its is used for wood preservative (Asogawa et. Cashew trees produce: cashew nuts, kernels, cashew apples, edible oil from the nuts (not usually extracted because of the high price the nuts themselves fetch), indelible ink deived form the bark and, yellow dye extracted from leaves (Nair et. They have also become popular as snacks and appetizers in Western Societies and also appear as ingredients in Western confections (Nair et. In terms of culinary uses, cashews appear in the cuisine of many countries and are featured prominently in the cusine of Thailand, China, India, Malaysia, Brazil, Panama and Indonesia. The cashew tree Anacardium occidentale can provide many traditional and industrial byproducts. Brazil is the leading producer of commercially sold cashew apples. However, Nigeria was the largest producer in 2001, and Vietnam’s production surpassed them both in 2002 Vietnam has been the leading producer since. India was long the leading producer of cashew nuts. Total 2010 world production of cashew nuts was 3.6 million tons, harvested from 4.4 million hectares. Other products from the plant include cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), which is an irritant to human skin (it causes blisters similar to those of poison ivy, Toxcicodendron radicans, which is in the same genus) but is used as a lubricant and insecticide and acajou gum, from the plant’s stem, which can be used as a substitute for gum arabic or in similar applications, such as varnish. ![]() Cashew nuts, which are important in the cuisine of India, are often roasted and salted and eaten as a snack, and are high in protein, vitamins (A, D, K, and E) and minerals (including calcium, phosphorus, and iron). Cashew apples are also used as animal fodder. The fruits take an unusual form, with a kidney-shaped nut (drupe) borne on the end of an receptacle (the stem that holds the flower and fruit), which becomes enlarged and fleshy so that it appears as a fruit (with the nut like a comma dangling at its end), and is referred to as a “cashew apple.” The cashew apple is edible, with an astringent flavor, and is used in jams, jellies, chutneys, and beverages (including a cashew wine) it is a good source of vitamin A and contains up to five times as much vitamin C as citrus juice. The tree, which is up to 12 meters (40 feet) tall, has leathery alternate leaves, and flowers with 5 petals and 5 sepals. Anacardium occidentale, the cashew, is an evergreen tree in the Anacardiaceae (cashew or sumac family) that originated in Central and South America and is now cultivated commercially in semi-arid tropical areas in Africa, India, Sri Lanka, and southeastern Asia for the production of cashew nuts. ![]()
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